This study deals with the thoughts of Marsilius of Padua, one of the pioneers of modern political thought, on the relations between religion and politics. The ideas of Marsilius in this framework are considered as one of the beginning stages of modern political thought. Because he, at a time that can be considered too early, in the fourteenth century, made an attempt to base the political and worldly realm in a non-religious context. Marsilius opposed the current understanding of his time, which was in favor of religious authority in the relationship between religion and politics. He recognized secular authority as the only authoritative and legitimate power in worldly matters. He saw the claim of religious authority to be a regulatory power in the worldly realm as a usurpation of rights. According to him, the clergy is any of the elements of the social structure organized and governed by the secular power and has no privileges. The clergy's claim to worldly power is an overstepping of authority and poses the greatest threat to social peace, which is the ultimate goal. The secular power has to eliminate this threat by controlling the clergy, if necessary, by using its legitimate coercive power.
Keywords: Sociology of religion, Marsilius of Padua, Religion and politics relations
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