Teşkilât-ı Mahsusa was founded before the Ottoman Empire entered the First World War. The offices of the Teşkilât-ı Mahsusa began in Trabzon, Erzurum and Van. Volunteers gathered for their activities in the border areas. As the number of volunteers increased, they became a military unit. When we entered the war, these voluntary units went beyond the border and carried out military operations. When the war started, Ömer Naci entered Iran from Van. Yusuf Rıza in Trabzon entered Russia from the coast. Murgul took Borcka and Artvin from the Russians. Dr. Bahaettin Şakir went to Artvin from Erzurum with his volunteers. Coming with the 8th Regiment under the command of German Lieutenant Colonel Stange Bey and Command of Yakup Cemil, he came together with the Teşkilât-ı Mahsusa volunteers. The military forces in Artvin united and marched to Ardahan, a Russian occupation. They took Ardahan from the Russians. But they could not stay in the city much. After withdrawing in Ardahan, they created a defense line in the Şavşat-Ardanuç region for the defense of Artvin. Captain Halit Bey, one of the officers among the volunteers who came from Istanbul, organized a procession by organizing new volunteers gathered from Artvin and fought for the defense of Artvin in the Ardanuç region. He later became the commander of the Artvin defense. He retreated from the Artvin into the Çoruh valley. His order was to close the Çoruh valley to the Russian forces. He continued his duty in 1915 and 1916.
Keywords: Teşkilât-ı Mahsusa, First World War, Artvin, Ardahan, Çoruh Valley, Erzurum, Trabzon, Van
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